Intravenous cannulation
Intravenous cannulation
Intravenous cannulation is a very common bedside medical procedure in which
a cannula is inserted into a vein for administration of fluids, medicine and
for the collection of blood sample.Its an easy and short procedure to gain IV
access and it is normally completed in 2-5 minutes.
Indications
IV cannulation is indicated in the following conditions:
* In emergency department for the quick delivery of medicines into the
blood.
* In unconscious patients
* Severe trauma
* During major surgeries
* While taking blood sample for lab diagnosis
* For the administration of intravenous anesthesia
* For blood transfusion and donation
Contraindications
IV cannulation is contraindicated if the area has infection,burns,injury,
indwelling fistula and massive edema.
Equipment's
For making an IV line you will need following equipments:
* Sterile gloves
* Antiseptic solution (alcohol)
* Tourniquet
* IV cannula
* Syringe
* Sticking tape
* IV bad with IV tubing
Procedure
1-Place the arm of the patient and locate a vein.
2-Apply the tourniquet and confirm the location of vein again.
3-Wear sterile gloves.
4-Apply antiseptic solution to patient's skin and let it dry.
5-Insert the needle into the cannula.
6-Insert the needle into the skin at an angle of approximately 30 degrees
until you see flash back of blood in the hub at the back of cannula.
7-Advance the cannula into the vein.
8-Release the tourniquet while holding the cannula.
9-Apply pressure to the tip of the cannula and take out the needle.
10-Apply sticking tape to fix the cannula in place.
11-Discard the needle.
12-If you want to connect an IV bag or drip, connect an IV tubing to the
drip and open the roller clamp until the fluid begins to enter the drip
chamber.
13-Let the fluid flow into the tubing so that all the air flush out of it.
14-Connect the IV tubing to the cannula.
15-Hang the drip on an IV hook and set the tubing in place.
Complications
* Local tissue swelling
* Slight pain
* Phlebitis
* Hematoma
* Air embolism
* Infiltration
Patient education
Mostly patients are aware of this procedure so there is very little need
for educating the patient.Tell them that they may feel a sharp pain when needle
is inserted but that will go once the cannula is fixed.If the patient complains
of pain after fixing the IV cannula recheck the placement of cannula.
Category: General Health, Medicine
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