Typically, mammograms are performed using 2-D breast imaging equipment that is not visually powerful enough to view or detect every abnormality. In fact, 20 percent of certain breast cancers are not detected by 2-D imaging. In 2-D breast imaging, some lesions are hidden by breast tissues that resemble the lesions.

The development of 3-D digital breast tomosynthesis is intended to take mammography to a different level, by catching the abnormalities not visible in 2-D breast imaging. Three-dimensional tomosynthesis is designed to decrease the view of excessive breast tissues, shadows and distortions, while isolating the lesion, which will detect breast cancers in its beginning stages. The principles of operation are similar to those of 2-D imaging. A breast is compressed between a bottom layer called a “detector housing” and an upper layer called a “compression paddle.” An x-ray tube makes an arc motion across the breast, acquiring images from various angles. A computer transforms the multiple images into 3-D, and then each image is reproduced into thin, tiny “slices” measuring 1 millimeter. 

Many physicians and radiologists are optimistic about 3-D breast tomosynthesis because of its various benefits for their patients and themselves. In fact, researchers believe there are greater risks involved if patients do not use it. This digitally-enhanced breast imaging technique minimizes the visibility of breast tissues and highlights more suspicious lesions for earlier cancer detection. Additionally, it takes less time to read compared to conventional mammography. 

Unlike 2-D imaging, the accuracy of 3-D technology ensures fewer patients are recalled to take another mammogram or other tests, like ultrasounds, because an unidentifiable abnormality was discovered; therefore, eliminating anxiety, inconvenience and extra medical costs. 

Like any new advancement in medical technology, 3-D breast tomosynthesis has its potential risks. One major risk is that many insurance companies may not want to cover it since the procedure is fairly new. This procedure is very expensive for patients to pay out-of-pocket. 

Another important risk factor is the amount of radiation patients are exposed to. Radiation is known for causing breast cancer. Since the 3-D imaging device has to be used with 2-D imaging, some physicians believe the combined radiation exposure could increase patients risk of breast cancer. In recent years, researchers have expressed concerns about radiation from medical imaging. However, some physicians feel the radiation exposure will be reduced because the 3-D accuracy will allow lesions to be detected the first time without patients having to redo a mammogram, furthering their exposure to radiation. 

Many new medical tests and equipment are rushed onto the medical scene without thorough testing. Consumers should approach any new medical technology with a hint of skepticism, especially when their health is involved.